![]() Second, the first step out of the poverty trap is to "use what you have"-harnessing existing resources to kick-start new markets, even if that means defying first-world norms.īold and meticulously researched, How China Escaped the Poverty Trap opens up a whole new avenue of thinking for scholars, practitioners, and anyone seeking to build adaptive systems. She graduated with a BA from Colorado College and a PhD from Stanford University. ![]() First, transformative change requires an adaptive governing system that empowers ground-level actors to create new solutions for evolving problems. She is the author of How China Escaped the Poverty Trap (2016) and Chinas Gilded Age (2020), and has won book and essay awards across disciplines. Her analysis reveals two broad lessons on development. Instead, she launches a new paradigm grounded in complex adaptive systems, which embraces the reality of interdependence and humanity's capacity to innovate. Yuen Yuen Ang rejects all three schools of thought and their underlying assumptions: linear causation, a mechanistic worldview, and historical determinism. ![]() How can poor and weak societies escape poverty traps? Political economists have traditionally offered three answers: "stimulate growth first," "build good institutions first," or "some fortunate nations inherited good institutions that led to growth." ![]()
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